Abstract: Chemical flooding technology is an important research direction in enhancing oil recovery. And oil-water interface dilatational rheology behavior plays a crucial role in revealing the mechanism of chemical flooding. In order to investigate the influence factors of dilatational rheology behavior of oil-water interface, dilational rheology behavior of Zhuangxi crude oil-water interface was investigated by DSA100 interfacial dilatational rheometer. The result showed that: aging time had significant effect on dilational rheological properties of oil-water interface; among fractions of Zhuangxi crude oil, asphaltene fraction had the most significant effect on oil-water interface dilational rheology; dilational modulus and elastic modulus of oil-water interface passed through distinct maxima as a function of Zhuangxi crude oil concentration, while changes of viscous modulus were not obvious; dilational modulus and elastic modulus of oil-water interface decreased with increase of NaCl concentration; after adding surfactants of OP series, elastic modulus would decrease and the contribution of viscous modulus on dilational modulus would increase, and the more epoxy ethane number of surfactants of OP series, the better the results.