Abstract: For the optimum selection and utilization of ethlene pyrolysis materials, the thermal pyrolysis tests of hydrocracked naphtha, coal chemical naphtha, straight run naphtha, diesel hydrogenated naphtha, and coking hydrogenated naphtha were carried out. The pyrolysis yields of ethylene, propylene, butadiene, methane, residual C₄ and pyrolysis liquid phase products were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the distribution and yield of pyrolysis products of different kinds of naphtha were very different. For example, coal chemical naphtha and coking hydrogenation naphtha pyrolysis produced more ethylene, the hydrocracked naphtha pyrolysis produced more propylene, the butadiene yields of the straight-run naphtha pyrolysis was up to 6.11%, and the coking hydrogenated naphtha pyrolysis residual C₄ yield was as low as 2.73%, diesel hydrogenated naphtha pyrolysis liquid phase product ratio was high. Therefore, combined with pyrolysis product yield, the raw material cost and supply, and the olefin market situation, rational selection of naphtha for pyrolysis and effective use of its pyrolysis liquid product can greatly reduce the ethylene production costs, improve the comprehensive competitiveness of naphtha pyrolysis ethylene.