Abstract: A lot of methodological studies have been carried out on sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) at home and abroad. However, these methods often have varying application conditions and limitations, leading to imprecise measurement results. This paper reviews the progress in the identification, quantification and application of sulfate-reducing bacteria, and analyse their application in various situations. According to the theoretical basis of the methodology, we classify the theory of SRB concentration detection, which is mainly based on the principles of four categories, namely, bacterial culture, genetic genes, specific bio-enzymes, and bio-sensors, and analyse their respective strengths and weaknesses, and analyse the problems faced in their application. On this basis, the research direction of sulfate-reducing bacteria content determination and corrosion activity monitoring technology is proposed in response to the real needs of sulfate-reducing bacteria assessment and management in oil and gas fields.