Abstract: A comprehensive investigation has been conducted on the applications of the new type of biopolymer scleroglucan in oil fields, covering various aspects of molecular structure, solution properties and applications. Scleroglucan is a non-ionic polymer that forms a stable rigid triple helix structure in aqueous solutions, endowing it with high viscosity and stability. Additionally, it possesses excellent thermal resistance, acid and alkali resistance, salt resistance, and shear resistance. These characteristics have garnered significant attention for scleroglucan in the petroleum industry. The paper reviews its effectiveness in oil field development as a driving agent, drilling fluid, fracturing fluid, and profile control agent from the perspective of the petroleum industry, indicating its broad potential for application. It points out that the future optimization of scleroglucan's performances and expansion of its applications will be the focus of research, including the development of multifunctional derivatives and the assessment of its economic benefits in oil field sites, to promote its wider applications in the petroleum industry.