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催化裂化催化剂钙中毒的影响与对策

Effects and countermeasures of calcium poisoning on fluid catalytic cracking catalysts

  • 摘要:
    目的 解决某催化裂化装置因催化剂钙中毒导致的重油裂解能力大幅降低及油浆蒸汽发生器反复结垢等问题。
    方法 对该装置出现的催化剂钙中毒的现象、原因和机理进行分析,采取加注原位晶化型重油催化裂化催化剂、采用优质平衡催化剂置换及使用原油脱钙剂的方法,从根源上解决钙中毒问题。
    结果 ①加注质量分数为20%的原位晶化型重油催化裂化催化剂后,在平衡催化剂中钙质量分数保持在10 000 μg/g左右的条件下,重油裂解能力仍得到明显提高;②使用原油脱钙剂后,平衡催化剂中钙质量分数降至4 000 μg/g时,油浆蒸汽发生器的结垢问题得到解决。
    结论 当催化裂化催化剂发生钙中毒时,可采用加注原位晶化型重油催化裂化催化剂和优质平衡催化剂置换的方法缓解重油转化率低的问题,使用原油脱钙剂可彻底解决和避免催化剂发生钙中毒。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective This study aims to address the significant reduction in heavy oil cracking capacity and repeated fouling of the slurry steam generator caused by catalyst calcium poisoning in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit.
    Method The phenomena, causes, and mechanisms of catalyst calcium poisoning in the unit were analyzed. Measures such as injecting an in-situ crystallized heavy oil catalytic cracking catalyst, using high-quality equilibrium catalysts as replacements, and applying crude oil decalcifying agents were implemented to address the calcium poisoning problem at its source.
    Result First, after injecting 20 wt% in-situ crystallized heavy oil catalytic cracking catalyst, the heavy oil cracking capacity was significantly improved even when the calcium mass fraction in the equilibrium catalyst remained around 10,000 μg/g. Second, after using crude oil decalcifying agents, the fouling problem in the slurry steam generator was resolved when the calcium mass fraction in the equilibrium catalyst decreased to 4,000 μg/g.
    Conclusion When calcium poisoning occurs in the FCC catalyst, injecting an in-situ crystallized heavy oil catalytic cracking catalyst and using high-quality equilibrium catalysts as replacements can mitigate low heavy oil conversion. The use of crude oil decalcifying agents can fundamentally resolve and prevent catalyst calcium poisoning.

     

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