新型双子季铵盐的合成及粘土防膨性能评价

Synthesis and evaluation of a novel gemini quaternary ammonium as an anti-swelling chemical

摘要: 以三乙胺和环氧氯丙烷等为基本原料，合成了一类新型的双子季铵盐，确定了该季铵盐的最佳合成条件为：n_{三乙胺盐酸盐}:n_{环氧氯丙烷}:n_三乙胺=1.2:1:1，反应温度为70 ℃，反应时间为7 h，收率为87%。对该双子季铵盐的防膨性能进行了室内评价，结果表明：当其在粘土稳定剂溶液的质量分数为1%时，防膨率为86.5%。

Abstract: A novel gemini quaternary ammonium was successfully synthesized with triethylamine (1a, Et₃N) and epichlorohydrin (2a) as raw materials. The optimal reaction conditions was:n_1b:n_2a:n_1a=1.2:1:1, reaction temperature 70℃, reaction time 7h, and the yield can reach 85.0%. In view of the anti-swelling of the gemini quaternary ammonium, results of laboratory evaluation show that when the mass fraction of 3a in clay stabilizer solution was 1.0%, the anti-swelling rate was up to 86.5%.