Abstract: The hydration expansion law of the polymer microsphere is observed by the high power optical microscope and laser particle size analyzer in the laboratory. The plugging capacity of polymer microsphere is evaluated and the migration rule in the porous media is studied by the physical simulation experiment, and the ability of decreasing the oil-water interface tension of the microsphere system is measured. At the same time, the synergistic effect of the gel-microsphere profile control and flooding system is explored to be proved the better effect. The results indicated that the nanometer polymer microsphere can expand to micrometer grade to block the formation whose permeability is lower than 4000×10^-3 μm². The microsphere after hydration expansion could effectively block the porous media, break through when the pressure is high and finally make the deep profile control and flooding come true. The system of the polymer microsphere can also decrease the oil-water interfacial tension. If the gel is injected firstly and following the microsphere, the advantages of the two kinds of agents could be both taken and the water absorbing profile could also be adjusted better to get high recovery ratio.